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Contents
14.2.1 Extract from FRS102: Section 14.2-14.3.
14.2.2.1 What forms of entities can be considered an associate.
14.2.2.2 Significant influence (the ability to assert the influence even if it is not asserted)
14.2.2.2.1 Requirements to consider potential voting rights where reviewing significant influence.
14.2.2.2.2 How is significant influence demonstrated.
14.2.2.2.3 When can the 20% or more holdings be rebutted – significant influence.
14.2.2.2.4 Consideration when slightly less than 20% held.
14.3 Measurement—accounting policy election.
14.3.1 Extract from FRS102: Section 14.4-14.4B.
14.4.1 Extract from FRS102: Section 14.5-14.6.
14.4.2.3 Deferred tax under the cost model
14.4.2.4 Illustration of the cost model
14.4.2.5 Recognition of Income.
14.5.1 Extract from FRS102: Section 14.8(a)-18.8(h)
14.5.2.2 Application of equity accounting.
14.5.2.2.2 Worked example illustrating equity accounting requirements.
14.5.2.4 Transactions with associates.
14.5.2.5 Date of associates financial statements.
14.5.2.6 Uniform Accounting policies
14.5.2.7 Losses in excess of investment
14.5.2.8 Deferred tax on unremitted earning in the consolidated financial statements.
14.5.2.8.2 Timing difference to reverse through sale.
14.5.2.8.3 Timing difference to reverse through receipt of dividends.
14.5.2.8.4 Example of deferred tax on unremitted earnings.
14.6 Discontinuing the equity method.
14.6.1 Extract from FRS102: Section 14.8(i)
14.6.2.2.1 Full derecognition of associate due to sale.
14.6.2.2.3 Transfer of associate as a result of loss of significant influence due to sale.
14.6.2.2.4 Loss of significant influence not due to sale.
14.7 Initial carrying amount of an associate following loss of control of an entity.
14.8 Step increase in an existing associate.
14.9 Step increase from investment/financial asset to associate.
14.10.1 Extract from FRS102: Section 14.9-14.10A.
14.10.2.1 Fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI)
14.10.2.1.1 Measurement and recognition.
14.10.2.1.2 Treatment of transaction costs.
14.10.2.1.3 Frequency of valuations.
14.10.2.1.4 What happens when fair value cannot be measured reliably.
14.10.2.1.6 Example of application of Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income model
14.10.2.1.7 Recognition of income.
14.10.2.2 Fair value through the profit and loss.
14.10.2.2.1 Measurement and recognition.
14.10.2.2.2 Frequency of valuations.
14.10.2.2.3 What happens when fair value cannot be measured reliably?.
14.10.2.2.4 Example of application of Fair Value through profit and loss model
14.11 Disclosure requirements.
14.11.1 Extract from FRS102: Section 14.11-14.15A.
14.11.2.2.2 Consolidated financial statements.
14.11.2.2.2.1 Accounting policies – consolidated financial statements.
14.11.2.2.2.2 Notes to the financial statements.
14.11.2.2.2.2.1 Financial assets.
14.11.2.2.2.3 Consolidated profit and loss amount showing share of associates.
14.11.2.2.3 Parent entity financial statements.
14.11.2.2.3.1 Accounting policies.
14.11.2.2.3.2 Notes for the financial statements.
14.11.2.2.3.2.1 Financial assets.
14.11.2.2.3.3 Profit and loss accounts for entity that is not a parent
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14.4 Cost model
14.4.1 Extract from FRS102: Section 14.5-14.6
14.5 An investor that is not a parent, that chooses to adopt the cost model, shall measure its investments in associates at cost less any accumulated impairment losses recognised in accordance with Section 27 Impairment of Assets.
14.6 The investor shall recognise dividends and other distributions received from the investment as income without regard to whether the distributions are from accumulated profits of the associate arising before or after the date of acquisition.
14.4.2 OmniPro comment
14.4.2.1 Measurement
As per Section 14.5 of FRS 102 under the cost model the investment should be measured at the cost loss accumulated impairment.
14.4.2.1.1 Definition of cost
Section 14 does not detail what is defined as the cost however it is taken to mean the actual price paid plus expenses incidental to its acquisition.
14.4.2.2 Impairments
In line with Section 27- Impairment of Assets, at the end of each reporting period, the entity must assess if there are indicators of impairment of the investment in the associate (see 27.5.2). Where these are identified an impairment review should be performed in line with Section 27 as detailed at see 27.6.2 so as to determine the recoverable amount which will usually be performed by calculating the value in use.
14.4.2.3 Deferred tax under the cost model
Given that they are stated at cost there are no deferred tax implications, other than on an impairment. A deferred tax asset would only be recognised in this instance if it was probable there would be future CGT profits available to offset the loss.
14.4.2.4 Illustration of the cost model
See below illustration of the cost model.
Example 3: Cost model
Company A purchased a 25% interest in Company B for CU100,000 plus stamp duty of CU1,000 plus professional fees of CU1,000. The total cost of the investment to be shown on the balance sheet is CU102,000. This is kept at this cost over its life unless an impairment is identified.
14.4.2.5 Recognition of Income
Dividends received are recognised in the profit and loss account when received. It is irrelevant whether this is paid from pre or post acquisition reserves as per Section 14.6 of FRS 102. However, if it was paid from pre-acquisition reserves, then the entity should assess if there is an indication of impairment of the investment.
Example 4: Dividend paid out of pre-acquisition reserves.
Company A acquired an 25% interest in an associate for CU10,000 when the profit and loss reserves of the associate were CU5,000. During the year the company received a dividend of CU10,000 from the associate. This CU10,000 is recognised in the financial statements as income (i.e. credit profit and loss income from participating interest and debit bank). It is irrelevant that some of it was paid out of pre-acquisition reserves.
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Examples
Example 1: Potential voting rights.
Example 2: Potential voting rights.
Example 4: Dividend paid out of pre-acquisition reserves.
Example 5: Equity method accounting.
Example 6: Elimination of profit where investor sells goods to investee.
Example 7: loss in excess of investment
Example 8: Deferred tax on enremitted earnings
Example 9: Full derecognition of associate due to sale.
Example 10: Partial derecognition of associate due to sale but significant influence still retained.
Example 11: Transfer of associate as a result of loss of significant influence due to sale.
Example 12: Loss of significant influence not due to sale.
Example 14: Step increase in an existing associate.
Example 15: Step increase from investment /financial asset to associate.
Example 16: Adoption of fair value through other comprehensive income.
Example 17: Adoption of fair value through profit and loss.
Example 18: Extract from the accounting policy notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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