[et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Header – All Pages” transparent_background=”off” background_color=”#1e73be” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off” custom_padding=”0px||0px|” next_background_color=”#000000″ custom_padding_tablet=”50px|0|50px|0″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_module=”1221″][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” global_parent=”1221″ make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” use_custom_gutter=”off” custom_padding=”||5px|” allow_player_pause=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on” make_equal=”off” parallax_1=”off” parallax_method_1=”off” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_post_title global_parent=”1221″ title=”on” meta=”off” author=”on” date=”on” categories=”on” comments=”on” featured_image=”off” featured_placement=”below” parallax_effect=”on” parallax_method=”on” text_orientation=”left” text_color=”light” text_background=”off” text_bg_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0.9)” module_bg_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0)” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” custom_padding=”10px|||” parallax=”on” background_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0)” /][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”off” specialty=”off” transparent_background=”off” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” custom_padding=”30px||0px|” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off” background_color=”#1e73be” prev_background_color=”#000000″ next_background_color=”#ffffff” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||0px|” global_module=”1228″][et_pb_row global_parent=”1228″ make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” use_custom_gutter=”off” custom_padding=”30px||0px|” allow_player_pause=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” make_equal=”off” parallax_1=”off” parallax_method_1=”off” column_padding_mobile=”on” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_text global_parent=”1228″ background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” background_size=”initial”] [breadcrumb] [/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”off” specialty=”off” transparent_background=”off” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” padding_mobile=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off” gutter_width=”3″ custom_padding_tablet=”0px||0px|” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” prev_background_color=”#1e73be” next_background_color=”#000000″][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_toggle admin_label=”Index” _builder_version=”3.2″ title=”Index”]
19.1.1 Extracts from FRS102-Sections 19.2
19.2 Business combinations defined
19.2.1 Extracts from FRS 102 – Section 19.3
19.2.2.1 Definition of a business combination
19.2.2.1.1 Definition of a business
19.3 Structure of a business combination
19.3.1 Extracts from FRS 102 – Section 19.4–19.5A
19.4.1 Extracts from FRS102 – Section 19.6-19.7
19.5 Purchase method – Identifying the acquirer
19.5.1 Extracts from FRS102 – Section 19.8 – 19.10 and 19.17
19.5.2.3 New entity formed to effect a business combination where equity issued.
19.5.2.3.1 Control obtained but little or no substance to it
19.5.2.3.2 Identifying the acquirer – where substance to it.
19.5.2.4 Determining the acquistition date for the purpose of Section 19
19.6 Purchase method – Cost of a business combination
19.6.1 Extracts from FRS102 – Section 19.11-19.11A
19.6.2.2.1 Purchase on deferred payment terms
19.6.2.3 Liabilities incurred or assumed
19.6.2.4 Costs directly attributable to the acquisition/ business combination
19.6.2.4.1 Examples of directly attributable cost
19.6.2.4.2 Example of costs not directly attributable
19.6.2.5 Equity issued as consideration for the acquisition
19.6.2.6 Cost where control achieved in stages
19.7 Adjustments to the cost of a business combination contingent on future events
19.7.1 Extracts from FRS102 – Section 19.12-19.13
19.7.2.1 Contingent consideration and change in estimate
19.7.2.1.1 Contingent consideration – probable at the date of acquisition.
19.7.2.1.3 Changes in contingent consideration – change in estimate
19.7.2.1.4 Contingent consideration – No provision booked in year 1
19.7.2.2 Contingency payments relating to further services
19.8 Allocating of the cost of a business combination to the asset acquire and liabilities assured.
19.8.1.1 Extracts from FRS102 – Section 19.14-19.15, 19.18 and 19.20-19.21
19.8.1.2.2 Definition of assets and liabilities
19.8.1.2.2 Determining fair value
19.8.1.2.2.1 Fair value – intentions of acquirer ignored
19.8.1.2.2.1.1 Restructuring provisions
19.8.1.2.2.2 Measurement of contingent liabilities
19.8.1.2.2.2.1 Contingent liability – right of reimbursement
19.8.1.2.2.2.2 Fair valuing contingent consideration
19.8.1.2.2.3 Future losses – non-recognition of liabilities in determining allocation of cost
19.8.1.2.2.5 Determining fair value of intangible assets
19.8.1.2.2.6 Determining fair value of inventory
19.8.1.2.2.8 Determining fair value of investment in associate and joint ventures
19.8.1.2.2.9 Determining fair value of deferred revenue
19.9 Measurement of deferred tax, employee benefit and share based payments
19.9.1 Extracts from FRS102 – Section 19.15A-19.15C
19.10 Purchases method – Subsequent adjustment to fair value and accounting for Goodwill
19.10.1 Extracts from FRS102 – Section 19.16-19.17 and 19.22-19.23
19.10.2.1 Adjustments to fair value of identified assets and liabilities
19.10.2.2 Accounting for calculating goodwill including a journal to reflect business combination.
19.10.2.2.1 Initial recognition of goodwill
19.10.2.2.2 Subsequent recognitions of goodwill
19.10.2.2.3 Journals to reflect the business combination
19.10.2.2.4 Useful life of goodwill
19.10.2.2.4.1 Change in useful economic life
19.11 Business combination achieved in stages
19.11.1 Extracts from FRS102 – Section 19.11A
19.11.2.1.1 Acquiring a further controlling interest
19.11.2.1.2 Disposing of controlling interest but controlling interest retained
19.12.1 Extracts from FRS102 – Section 19.24
19.13.1 Extracts from FRS 102 section 19.27-19.32
19.13.2.1 Group reconstruction defined
19.13.2.4 Group reorganisations and merger accounting
19.14.1 Extracts from FRS 102 section 19.25 – 19.26A
19.14.2.1 Accounting policies positive goodwill – Consolidated financial statements.
19.14.2.2 Example from the notes to the accounts
19.14.2.2.1 Contingent consideration note
19.14.2.3 Parent entity accounting policies
19.14.2.3.1 Extract from notes to the financial statements
19.14.2.5 Profit and Loss Account for parent entity
19.14.2.6 – Negative Goodwill for the financial year
19.15 Disclosures – Group reconstructions
19.15.1 Extracts from FRS 102-Section 19.33
19.15.2.2 Extract from notes to the financial statements
[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=”3_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=”Main Body Text” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”justified” use_border_color=”off” border_color_all=”off” module_alignment=”left” _builder_version=”3.0.106″]
19.11 Business Combination Achieved in Stages
19.11.1 Extracts from FRS102 – Section 19.11A
19.11A Where control is achieved following a series of transactions, the cost of the business combination is the aggregate of the fair values of the assets given, liabilities assumed and equity instruments issued by the acquirer at the date of each transaction in the series.
19.11.2 OmniPro comment
As per Section 19.11A of FRS 102 where control is achieved in a series of transactions. The cost of the business combination is the total of the fair value of assets given up, liabilities assumed and equity instruments issued at the date of each transaction.
See below illustration of Section 19.11A of FRS 102 below.
Example 15: Business combination achieved in stages
Company A acquired 5% of Company B for CU50,000 at the start of year 1. At the end of year 2 Company A acquired a further 30% for CU100,000 giving significant influence. At the end of year 3 a further 50% was acquired for CU110,000. At the time of the 50% acquisition the fair value of the net assets was CU200,000 which equaled the net asset value. The carrying amount of the associate holding on the consolidated balance sheet at the end of year 3 was CU170,000 being the net assets of Company B at that time (difference between CU150,000 cost and the CU170,000 is the profit share for the 3 years).
In this example we have ignored any profit earned since acquisition as an associate or amortisation of deemed goodwill when the company acquired significant influence.
Goodwill is calculated in accordance 19.11A as follows:
| Cost of Acquisition of first 5% of Company B | CU50,000 |
| Cost of Acquisition of second 30% of Company B | CU100,000 |
| Cost of Acquisition of third 50% of Company B | CU110,000 |
| Total Cost of Investment on Acquiring Control | CU260,000 |
| Total Portion of the Fair Value of Company B Acquired on Obtaining Control at the End of Year 3 (CU200,000*(50%+30%+5%)) | (CU170,000) |
| Total Goodwill to be Recognised | CU90,000 |
The journal required on acquisition of control at the end of year 3 is:
| CU | CU | |
| Dr Goodwill | 90,000 | |
| Dr Net Asset of Company B | 200,000 | |
| Dr Other Comprehensive Income | 20,000* | |
| Cr Associate Investment in Company B in Consolidated Balance Sheet | 170,000
|
|
| Cr Bank | 110,000 | |
| Cr Non- Controlling Interest in Equity (CU200,000*15%) | 30,000 |
*this difference is the difference between the previous cash paid prior to obtaining control of CU150,000 and the share of the net assets at the date control is obtained of CU170,000. As it is not a profit or loss it is posted to OCI.
19.11.2.1 Accounting for changes in the parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that does not result in loss of control
Section 9.19 of FRS 102 states where an entity has a subsidiary and has consolidated this over the periods on the basis that it had control i.e. owned more than 50% of the voting rights but not 100% and then acquires a further amount of share capital so as to increase ownership, in the consolidated accounts of the parent company the transaction is an equity transaction. The same rule applies to disposals which do not result in a loss of control.
Example 16: Acquiring a further controlling interest
Parent A previously owned 55% of Company B which was consolidated in the financial statements. At the time of acquisition of the 55% its fair value of net assets was CU500,000 which was equal to book value. The purchase cost was CU300,000. The goodwill recognised was CU25,000 (CU500,000*55%=CU275,000-CU300,000). During the year the company acquired a further 25% from the non-controlling interest for CU220,000. The fair value of the net assets of Company B at the date of acquisition the additional 25% was CU800,000 (the NBV of the net assets was CU700,000). The carrying amount of the 45% non-controlling interest in the consolidated financial statements was CU250,000 at the date of purchase of the 25% interest.
The journals posted in the parent individual TB would be:
| CU | CU | |
| Dr Investment in Subsidiary | 220,000 | |
| Cr Bank | 220,000 |
The journals required to account for this transaction in the consolidated financial statements are:
| CU | CU | |
| Dr Equity -Profit and Loss Reserves
(CU220,000-CU138,889) |
81,111 | |
| Dr Equity-Non Controlling Interest
(CU250,000/45 being original amount owned by the minority interest *25 being the amount disposed of) |
138,889 | |
| Cr Investment in Subsidiary | 220,000 |
Being journal to reflect the acquisition as an equity transaction
19.11.2.1.1 Acquiring a further controlling interest
Example 17: Acquiring a further controlling interest
Parent A previously owned 55% of Company B which was consolidated in the financial statements. During the year the company acquired the remaining 45% from the non-controlling interest for CU1,300,000. The non-controlling interest shown in the financial statements prior to the acquisition was CU1,000,000. The journals posted in the parent individual TB would be:
| CU | CU | |
| Dr Investment in Subsidiary | 1,300,000 | |
| Cr Bank | 1,300,000 |
The journals required to account for this transaction in the consolidated financial statements are:
| CU | CU | |
| Dr Equity -Profit and Loss Reserves
(CU1,300,000 – CU1,000,000) |
300,000 | |
| Dr Equity-Non Controlling Interest | 1,000,000 | |
| Cr Investment in Subsidiary | 1,300,000 |
Being journal to reflect this as an equity transaction
19.11.2.1.2 Disposing of controlling interest but controlling interest retained
Example 18: Disposing of controlling interest but controlling interest retained
Parent A previously owned 100% of Company B which was consolidated in the financial statements. During the year the company disposed of 25% to a third party for CU300,000. The original cost of the investment in the individual entity accounts was CU1,300,000. The net assets of the subsidiary at the date of disposal was CU800,000 plus goodwill of CU50,000 in the consolidated accounts.
The journals posted in the parent individual TB would be:
| CU | CU | |
| Dr Loss on Disposal | 25,000 | |
| Dr Bank | 300,000 | |
| Cr Investment in Subsidiary
(CU1,300,000*25%) |
325,000 |
The journals required to account for this transaction in the consolidated financial statements are:
| CU | CU | |
| Dr Investment in Subsidiary | 300,000 | |
| Cr Equity -Profit and Loss Reserves
(CU300,000-CU212,500) |
87,500 | |
| Cr Equity-Non Controlling Interest
(CU850,000*25%) |
212,500 |
Being journal to reflect disposal as an equity transaction assuming usual goodwill journals were posted
[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″][et_pb_toggle _builder_version=”3.0.106″ title=”Practical Examples” open=”off”]
Examples
Example 1: Determining a Business.
Example 2: Determining a Business.
Example 3: Identifying the Acquiring Company.
Example 4: Identifying the acquirer
Example 5: Determining cost where control achieved in stages.
Example 6: Changes in contingent consideration – change in estimate.
Example 7: Contingent consideration – No provision booked in year 1.
Example 8: Valuing work in progress.
Example 10: Favorable/unfavorable contract
Example 11: Deferred tax on business combinations
Example 13: Journals to reflect the business combination.
Example 14: Revising the useful life of goodwill
Example 15: Business combination achieved in stages.
Example 16: Acquiring a further controlling interest
Example 17: Acquiring a further controlling interest
Example 18: Disposing of controlling interest but controlling interest retained.
Example 20: Group reorganisations.
Example 23: Extract from notes to the financial statements – contingent consideration note.
Example 29: Extract from the consolidated Balance Sheet for negative goodwill
Example 30: Extract from the accounting policy notes – Group reconstruction and merger accounting.
Example 31: Extract from notes to the financial statements – Merger Method.
[/et_pb_toggle][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]